History of anarchism

Anarchism is a political philosophy that advocates stateless societies often defined as self-governed voluntary institutions, but that several authors have defined as more specific institutions based on non-hierarchical free associations.[5][6][7][8] Anarchism holds the state to be undesirable, unnecessary, or harmful.[9][10] While anti-statism is central,[11] anarchism entails opposing authority or hierarchical organisation in the conduct of human relations, including, but not limited to, the state system.

Modern anarchism sprang from the secular or religious thought of the Enlightenment.[19] The central tendency of anarchism as a mass social movement has been represented by anarcho-communism and anarcho-syndicalism, with individualist anarchism being primarily a literary phenomenon[20] (which did nevertheless affect the bigger currents,[21] including the participation of individualists in large anarchist organizations).

无政府主义是一个主张通常被定义为自治的院校志愿无国籍社会的一种政治哲学，但一些作者定义为基于非分层自由联想更具体的机构。[5] [6] [7] [8]无政府主义保持状态是不理想的，不必要的或有害的。[9] [10]而反中央集权是中央，[11]无政府主义需要在人的关系，包括的行为相对权威或分层组织，但不限于，状态系统。

现代无政府主义从启蒙运动的世俗或宗教思想扑去。[19]无政府主义作为大众社会运动集中趋势已经由无政府共产主义和无政府工团表示，其中个人无政府主义的主要是一个文学现象[20]（其也仍然影响更大的电流，[21]包括个人主义者的参与在大无政府主义者组织）。